Incamake yo Kwambara Icyuma / Inkoni
Gutwara ibyuma bikoreshwa mugukora imipira, kuzunguruka no gutwara impeta. Kwitwaza bifite umuvuduko mwinshi no guterana amagambo mugihe ukora, bityo gutwara ibyuma birasabwa kugira ubukana buhanitse kandi bumwe, kwambara birwanya imipaka ntarengwa. Ibisabwa kugirango uburinganire bwimiti ihindurwe, ibiyikubiyemo nogukwirakwiza ibintu bitari ibyuma, no gukwirakwiza karbide zicyuma birakomeye. Nimwe murwego rukomeye rwicyuma mubikorwa byose byibyuma. Mu 1976, ISO, Umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku bipimo ngenderwaho, yashyizemo amanota rusange y’icyuma rusange mu rwego mpuzamahanga, kandi igabanya ibyuma bitwara ibyuma mu byiciro bine: ibyuma bitwara ibyuma bikomye cyane, ibyuma bikomye ibyuma, ibyuma bitagira umuyonga, hamwe n’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo hejuru, byose hamwe bikaba 17. Ibihugu bimwe byongera icyiciro cyo gutwara ibyuma cyangwa ibivangwa kubintu byihariye. Uburyo bwo gutondekanya ibyuma byashyizwe mubyiciro bisanzwe mubushinwa birasa nubwa ISO, bihuye nibyiciro bine byingenzi: chromium nini ya karuboni ifite ibyuma, ibyuma bya karubone, ibyuma bitangirika, kandi ibyuma bifite ubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
Gushyira mu bikorwa ibyuma bifata ibyuma / Inkoni
Gutwara ibyuma bikoreshwa cyane mugukora umubiri uzunguruka nimpeta yo kuzunguruka. Gutwara ibyuma birasabwa kugira ubukana bwinshi, ubukana bumwe, imipaka ihanitse ya elastike, imbaraga zo gukoraho umunaniro mwinshi, gukomera gukenewe, gukomera gukomeye, hamwe no kurwanya ruswa mu bikoresho byorohereza ikirere kuko ubwikorezi bugomba kugira ibiranga ubuzima burebure, ubusobanuro buke, ubushyuhe buke, umuvuduko mwinshi, ubukana bwinshi, urusaku ruto, kwihanganira imyenda myinshi, hamwe n’ibisabwa ku miterere y’imiti, ibisabwa, gutatanya, decarburisation, nibindi byo gutwara ibyuma birakomeye. Gutwara ibyuma muri rusange byateye imbere mu cyerekezo cyiza, imikorere yo hejuru nubwoko bwinshi.
