Ibikoresho byibanze byububiko

Ibiranga ibikoresho byicyuma bigabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri: imikorere yimikorere nimikorere. Ibyo bita imikorere yimikorere bivuga imikorere yibikoresho byicyuma mugihe cyagenwe gikonje kandi gishyushye mugihe cyo gukora ibice byimashini. Ubwiza bwibikorwa byimikorere yibyuma bigena guhuza nogutunganya no gukora mugihe cyo gukora. Bitewe nuburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya, imitungo isabwa nayo iratandukanye, nko gukora casting, gusudira, guhimba, imikorere yubushyuhe, kugabanya gutunganya, nibindi. Ibyo bita imikorere bivuga imikorere yibikoresho byicyuma mugihe cyo gukoresha ibice bya mashini, bikubiyemo imiterere yubukanishi, imiterere yumubiri, imiterere yimiti, nibindi. Imikorere yibikoresho byicyuma igena uburyo ikoreshwa nubuzima bwa serivisi.

Mu nganda zikora imashini, ibice rusange byubukanishi bikoreshwa mubushyuhe busanzwe, umuvuduko usanzwe hamwe nigitangazamakuru kitangirika cyane, kandi mugihe cyo gukoresha, buri gice cyumukanishi kizaba gifite imitwaro itandukanye. Ubushobozi bwibikoresho byibyuma byo kurwanya ibyangiritse munsi yumutwaro byitwa imashini (cyangwa imashini). Imiterere yubukorikori bwibikoresho nibyingenzi shingiro ryogushushanya no gutoranya ibikoresho byibice. Ukurikije imiterere yumutwaro washyizweho (nka tension, compression, torsion, ingaruka, umutwaro wikizunguruka, nibindi), ibikoresho bya mehaniki bisabwa kubikoresho byibyuma nabyo bizaba bitandukanye. Ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mubikoresho birimo: imbaraga, plastike, gukomera, gukomera, kurwanya ingaruka nyinshi numunaniro ukabije. Buri mutungo wubukanishi uganirwaho ukundi hepfo.

1. Imbaraga

Imbaraga bivuga ubushobozi bwibikoresho byicyuma cyo kurwanya ibyangiritse (deformasique ikabije ya plastike cyangwa kuvunika) munsi yumutwaro uhagaze. Kubera ko umutwaro ukora muburyo bwo guhagarika umutima, kwikanyiza, kunama, kogosha, nibindi, imbaraga nazo zigabanijwemo imbaraga zingana, imbaraga zo kwikuramo imbaraga, imbaraga zidasanzwe, imbaraga zo gukata, nibindi. Hariho isano runaka hagati yimbaraga zitandukanye. Mugukoresha, imbaraga zingana zikoreshwa mubisanzwe nkibyingenzi byingenzi.

2. Plastike

Plastike bivuga ubushobozi bwibikoresho byibyuma byo gukora plastike (deformasiyo ihoraho) idasenyutse munsi yumutwaro.

3.Kubaha

Gukomera ni igipimo cyukuntu ibintu byoroshye cyangwa byoroshye ibikoresho byicyuma. Kugeza ubu, uburyo bukoreshwa cyane mu gupima ubukana mu musaruro nuburyo bwo kwerekana indentation, bukoresha indenter yuburyo runaka bwa geometrike kugirango ukande hejuru yibikoresho byuma bipimishwa munsi yumutwaro runaka, kandi agaciro gakomeye karapimwe hashingiwe ku rwego rwa indentation.
Uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa burimo ubukana bwa Brinell (HB), ubukana bwa Rockwell (HRA, HRB, HRC) na Vickers gukomera (HV).

4. Umunaniro

Imbaraga, plastike, hamwe nubukomezi byavuzwe mbere byose ni ibipimo byerekana imikorere yicyuma munsi yumutwaro uhagaze. Mubyukuri, ibice byinshi byimashini bikorerwa munsi yikizunguruka, kandi umunaniro uzagaragara mubice mubihe nkibi.

5. Ingaruka zikomeye

Umutwaro ukora ku gice cyimashini kumuvuduko mwinshi byitwa ingaruka zumutwaro, kandi ubushobozi bwicyuma bwo kurwanya ibyangiritse munsi yumutwaro byitwa ingaruka zikomeye.