Ubwubatsi bw'ubwato muri rusange bwerekeza ku byuma byubatswe, bivuga ibyuma bikoreshwa mu gukora inyubako zakozwe hakurikijwe ibisabwa n’ibikorwa by’imyubakire ya sosiyete. Bikunze gutumizwa, gutegurwa no kugurishwa nkibyuma bidasanzwe. Ubwato bumwe burimo amasahani yubwato, ibyuma bimeze, nibindi.
Kugeza ubu, amasosiyete akomeye y’ibyuma mu gihugu cyanjye afite umusaruro, kandi ashobora gukora ibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja ukurikije ibyo abakoresha bakeneye mu bihugu bitandukanye, nka Amerika, Noruveje, Ubuyapani, Ubudage, Ubufaransa, n'ibindi. Ibisobanuro ni ibi bikurikira:
| Igihugu | Bisanzwe | Igihugu | Bisanzwe |
| Amerika | ABS | Ubushinwa | CCS |
| Ubudage | GL | Noruveje | DNV |
| Ubufaransa | BV | Ubuyapani | KDK |
| UK | LR |
(1) Ibisobanuro bitandukanye
Ibyuma byubatswe kubice bigabanijwemo urwego rwimbaraga ukurikije aho umusaruro wabo ntarengwa: imbaraga rusange zubaka ibyuma hamwe nimbaraga zikomeye zubaka.
Imbaraga rusange zicyuma cyubatswe zagaragajwe na societe yubushinwa yashyizwe mubice bine byujuje ubuziranenge: A, B, D, na E; ibyuma bikomeye-byubatswe byubatswe byerekanwe na China Classification Society bigabanijwemo urwego rwimbaraga eshatu ninzego enye zujuje ubuziranenge:
| A32 | A36 | A40 |
| D32 | D36 | D40 |
| E32 | E36 | E40 |
| F32 | F36 | F40 |
(2) Imiterere ya mashini hamwe nibigize imiti
Ibikoresho bya mashini hamwe nibigize imiti yingufu rusange hull ibyuma byubaka
| Icyiciro | Umusaruroσs (MPa) Min | Imbaragaσb (MPa) | Kuramburaσ%Min | 碳 C. | Mn | 硅 Si | 硫 S. | 磷 P. |
| A | 235 | 400-520 | 22 | ≤0.21 | ≥2.5 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.035 |
| B | ≤0.21 | ≥0.80 | ≤0.35 | |||||
| D | ≤0.21 | ≥0.60 | ≤0.35 | |||||
| E | ≤0.18 | ≥0.70 | ≤0.35 |
Ibikoresho bya mashini hamwe nibikoresho bya chimique byimbaraga nyinshi hull yubatswe ibyuma
| Icyiciro | Umusaruroσs (MPa) Min | Imbaragaσb (MPa) | Kuramburaσ%Min | 碳 C. | Mn | 硅 Si | 硫 S. | 磷 P. |
| A32 | 315 | 440-570 | 22 | ≤0.18 | ≥0.9-1.60 | ≤0.50 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.035 |
| D32 | ||||||||
| E32 | ||||||||
| F32 | ≤0.16 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.025 | |||||
| A36 | 355 | 490-630 | 21 | ≤0.18 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.035 | ||
| D36 | ||||||||
| E36 | ||||||||
| F36 | ≤0.16 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.025 | |||||
| A40 | 390 | 510-660 | 20 | ≤0.18 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.035 | ||
| D40 | ||||||||
| E40 | ||||||||
| F40 | ≤0.16 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.025 |
(3) Kwirinda gutanga no kwakira ibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja:
1. Gusubiramo icyemezo cyiza:
Uruganda rukora ibyuma rugomba gutanga ibicuruzwa ukurikije ibyo umukoresha asabwa nibisobanuro byemejwe mumasezerano kandi bigatanga icyemezo cyumwimerere. Icyemezo kigomba kuba gikubiyemo ibintu bikurikira:
(1) Ibisabwa byihariye;
(2) Umubare wuzuye wanditse numero yicyemezo;
(3) Umubare w'itanura nimero, urwego rwa tekiniki;
(4) Ibigize imiti nibikoresho bya mashini;
(5) Icyemezo cyemewe na societe itondekanya kandi umukono wubushakashatsi.
2. Isubiramo ry'umubiri:
Mugutanga ibyuma byo mu nyanja, ikintu gifatika kigomba kugira ikirango cyabayikoze, nibindi byumwihariko:
(1) Ikimenyetso cyemeza sosiyete;
.
(3) Kugaragara biroroshye kandi byoroshye, nta nenge.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-16-2024