Ku bijyanye n'ibyuma bicukurwa mu byuma bidashyuha, tugomba kuvuga ku nganda zitunganya ubushyuhe; ku bijyanye no gutunganya ubushyuhe, tugomba kuvuga ku nkongi eshatu z'inganda, gukurura, kuzimya, no gushyushya. None se itandukaniro riri hagati y'ibyo bitatu ni irihe?
(Imwe). Ubwoko bw'uburyo bwo gufunga
1. Gufunga burundu no gufunga amasoko y'amazi
Guteranya byuzuye byitwa kandi recrystallization annealing, muri rusange byitwa annealing. Uku guteranya bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gucukura, gushushanya no gushyushya ibyuma bitandukanye bya karuboni n'ibyuma bya alloy bifite imiterere ya hypoeutectoid, kandi rimwe na rimwe bikoreshwa mu byuma bisutswe. Muri rusange bikoreshwa nk'uburyo bwa nyuma bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bitari ngombwa, cyangwa nk'uburyo bwo kuvura mbere yo kuvura ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe.
2. gufunga spheroidizing
Guteranya ibintu hakoreshejwe spheroidizing ahanini bikoreshwa mu byuma bya karuboni bitagira umugese n'ibyuma by'ibyuma bya alloy (nk'ubwoko bw'ibyuma bikoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho byo gukata, ibikoresho byo gupima, n'ibimera). Intego yabyo nyamukuru ni ukugabanya ubukana, kunoza ubushobozi bwo gukora, no gutegura kuzimya nyuma.
3. Gukuraho stress
Gutera imbaraga mu kugabanya stress byitwa kandi guterera imbaraga mu bushyuhe buke (cyangwa gushyushya cyane). Ubwo bwoko bwo gutera imbaraga bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukuraho stress isigaye mu gusuka, gushushanya, gusunikira, ibice bishyushye, ibice bikururwa n'ubukonje, nibindi. Iyo izi stress zidakuweho, bizatuma ibice by'icyuma bihinduka cyangwa bigacika nyuma y'igihe runaka cyangwa mu gihe cyo gukata nyuma.
(Ebyiri). Kuzimya
Uburyo bw'ingenzi bukoreshwa mu kunoza ubukana ni ugushyushya, kubika ubushyuhe, no gukonjesha vuba. Ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa cyane ni amazi y'umunyu, amazi n'amavuta. Igikoresho cyometse mu mazi y'umunyu biroroshye kubona ubukana bwinshi n'ubuso bworoshye, kandi ntigikunda kugira ahantu horoshye hatazimye, ariko biroroshye gutuma igikoresho cyometseho gihinduka cyane ndetse kinameneka. Gukoresha amavuta nk'igikoresho cyometseho bibereye gusa kuzimya ibyuma bimwe na bimwe bya alloy cyangwa ibikoresho bito bya karuboni aho ubukana bwa austenite ikonje cyane bungana.
(Itatu). Gupima
1. Gabanya ububobere bw'imbere kandi ukureho cyangwa ugabanye ububobere bw'imbere. Nyuma yo kuzimya, ibice by'icyuma bizagira ububobere bw'imbere n'ububobere bw'imbere. Iyo bidakonjeshejwe ku gihe, ibice by'icyuma bikunze kwangirika cyangwa bigacika.
2. Kubona imiterere ikenewe ya mekanike y'igikoresho. Nyuma yo kuzimya, igikoresho kiba gifite ubukana bwinshi n'ubukana bwinshi. Kugira ngo gihuze n'ibisabwa bitandukanye by'imikorere y'ibikoresho bitandukanye, ubukana bushobora guhindurwa binyuze mu gushyushya neza, kugabanya ubukana no kubona ubukana bukenewe. Ubukana bwa pulasitiki.
3． Ingano y'ibikoresho bihoraho
4. Ku byuma bimwe na bimwe bigoye koroshya hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gufunga, ubushyuhe bwinshi bukunze gukoreshwa nyuma yo kuzimya (cyangwa kuvugurura) kugira ngo hakusanyirizwe neza karubide mu byuma no kugabanya ubukana bwabyo kugira ngo byoroshye kubikata.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 10 Mata 2024
