Ku cyiciro kinini cy'ubucuruzi bw'ibyuma ku isi, ibipimo by'ibyuma ni nk'abategetsi basobanutse, bapima ubuziranenge n'ibicuruzwa. Ibipimo byibyuma mubihugu no mukarere bitandukanye biratandukanye, nkuburyo butandukanye bwumuziki, buriwese acuranga injyana idasanzwe. Ku masosiyete agira uruhare mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga bw’ibyuma, kumenya neza kugereranya ibipimo bifatika hagati yibi bipimo nurufunguzo rwo gufungura inzira yubucuruzi bwatsinze. Ntishobora kwemeza gusa ko ibyuma byujuje ibyifuzo bigurwa, ariko kandi birinda amakimbirane atandukanye aterwa no kutumva neza ibipimo byagurishijwe, no kugabanya ingaruka z’ubucuruzi. Uyu munsi, tuzibanda ku cyuma gisanzwe cy’Uburusiya n’icyuma gisanzwe cy’Ubushinwa, dusesengure byimazeyo igereranya ry’ibintu hagati yabo, kandi tumenye amayobera.
Gusobanura icyiciro cyibikoresho bisanzwe byubushinwa
Sisitemu isanzwe yubushinwa isa ninyubako nziza, ikomeye kandi itunganijwe. Muri ubu buryo, ibyuma bisanzwe byubatswe byerekana ibyiciro nka Q195, Q215, Q235, na Q275. "Q" byerekana imbaraga z'umusaruro, kandi umubare nigiciro cyimbaraga zumusaruro muri megapascal. Dufashe Q235 nkurugero, ifite karubone iringaniye, imikorere myiza yuzuye, imbaraga zahujwe, plastike hamwe nogukora gusudira, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byubwubatsi nubwubatsi, nko kubaka ama frame yinganda, iminara yohereza amashanyarazi menshi, nibindi.
Ibyuma-binini cyane-ibyuma bikomeye nabyo bigira uruhare runini mubice byinshi, nka Q345, Q390 nandi manota. Q345 ibyuma bifite ibikoresho byiza byubukanishi, ibikoresho byo gusudira, ibintu bishyushye bikonje kandi bikonje kandi birwanya ruswa. Icyiciro C, D na E icyiciro cya Q345 gifite ubukonje buke bwo hasi kandi gikunze gukoreshwa mubice biremereye cyane byubatswe nkibikoresho, amato hamwe nubwato bwumuvuduko. Icyiciro cyacyo cyiza kuva kuri A kugeza kuri E. Mugihe ibintu byanduye bigabanutse, ingaruka zikomeye ziriyongera, kandi irashobora guhuza nuburyo bukomeye bwo gukoresha ibidukikije.
Isesengura ryibipimo byibikoresho byu Burusiya
Sisitemu y’icyuma cy’Uburusiya ishingiye ku gipimo cya GOST, nka puzzle idasanzwe hamwe na logique yayo yo kubaka. Mubyuma byububiko bwa karubone, ibyiciro byibyuma nka CT3 nibisanzwe. Ubu bwoko bwibyuma bufite karubone iringaniye kandi ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byo gukora imashini, ubwubatsi nizindi nzego, nko gukora ibice bimwe na bimwe bya mashini, no kubaka ibiti ninkingi mubyubatswe bisanzwe.
Kubyerekeranye na make-alloy-imbaraga-ibyuma bikomeye, amanota nka 09G2С ikora neza. Ifite igipimo cyiza cyibintu bivangwa, imbaraga nyinshi nibikorwa byiza byo gusudira, kandi akenshi bikoreshwa mugukora ibice binini byubatswe nkibiraro nubwato. Mu iyubakwa ry'ikiraro, irashobora kwihanganira imizigo minini hamwe no kugerageza ibidukikije kugira ngo ikiraro gihamye. Mu mishinga yo gushyiraho imiyoboro ya peteroli na gaze mu Burusiya, ibyuma byujuje ubuziranenge bw’Uburusiya birashobora kugaragara. Hamwe no kurwanya ruswa hamwe nimbaraga nyinshi, zihuza n’imiterere mibi ya geologiya n’ikirere kandi birinda umutekano wo gutwara abantu. Ugereranije n’ibipimo by’Ubushinwa, ibyuma by’Uburusiya bifite itandukaniro mu biteganijwe hamwe n’ibisabwa mu bintu bimwe na bimwe, kandi iri tandukaniro naryo riganisha ku miterere yabo mu bihe bitandukanye.
Kugereranya ibisobanuro byerekana amanota yibikoresho hagati y'Ubushinwa n'Uburusiya
Kugirango turusheho kwerekana mu buryo bwimbitse isano iri hagati yo kugereranya ibyiciro hagati yikirusiya gisanzwe nicyuma gisanzwe cyubushinwa, ibikurikira nimbonerahamwe yo kugereranya ibyuma bisanzwe:
Fata urugero rw'icyuma. Mu mushinga w’ingufu z’amakoperative y’Ubushinwa n’Uburusiya, niba uruhande rw’Uburusiya rukoresha ibyuma bya K48, uruhande rw’Ubushinwa rushobora gukoresha ibyuma bya L360. Byombi bifite imikorere isa nimbaraga no gukomera, kandi birashobora kuzuza ibisabwa byumuyoboro kugirango uhangane nigitutu cyimbere nibidukikije. Mu rwego rwo kubaka, iyo imishinga y’ubwubatsi y’Uburusiya ikoresha ibyuma bya C345, ibyuma bya Q345 by’Ubushinwa birashobora kandi gukora akazi keza bifite imashini isa n’ubudodo bwiza kugira ngo inyubako ihamye. Kugereranya amanota yibikoresho ni ingenzi mubucuruzi nubuhanga. Irashobora gufasha ibigo guhuza neza ibikenewe mugihe cyo kugura no gukoresha ibyuma, guhitamo neza ibyuma, kugabanya ibiciro, guteza imbere iterambere ryiza ryubucuruzi bwibyuma byu Bushinwa nu Burusiya, kandi bigatanga inkunga ikomeye yo gushyira mubikorwa neza imishinga itandukanye yubuhanga.
Hitamo Jindalai kugirango ufungure igice gishya mubufatanye bwibyuma
Mwisi nini yubucuruzi bwibyuma byubushinwa nu Burusiya, Isosiyete ikora ibyuma bya Jindalai ni nkinyenyeri yaka, irabagirana. Buri gihe twubahiriza guhora dukurikirana ubuziranenge. Kuva ku masoko y'ibikoresho kugeza ku bicuruzwa no kuyatunganya, turagenzura byimazeyo inzira zose kugirango tumenye neza ko buri cyiciro cyibyuma cyujuje cyangwa kirenze ibipimo bijyanye, duha abakiriya ibyiringiro byiza byibicuruzwa.
Hamwe nibikoresho bigezweho byo gukora hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga neza, dufite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gutanga. Yaba ari agace gato k'ibicuruzwa byihutirwa cyangwa ubufatanye bunini bw'igihe kirekire, turashobora gusubiza vuba, gutanga ku gihe no mubwinshi kugirango duhuze ibyifuzo bitandukanye byabakiriya. Twese tuzi neza ko serivisi nziza ari ishingiro ryubufatanye. Itsinda ryabacuruzi babigize umwuga ryiteguye guha abakiriya serivisi zuzuye zubujyanama. Kuva guhitamo ibicuruzwa kugeza kugabura ibikoresho, buri murongo uteguwe neza kugirango ureke abakiriya nta mpungenge bafite.
Niba hari ibyo ukeneye mu kugura ibyuma, waba ushishikajwe nicyuma gisanzwe cyu Burusiya cyangwa icyuma gisanzwe cy’Ubushinwa, nyamuneka twandikire. Dutegereje kuzakorana nawe kugirango dufungure igice gishya cyubufatanye bwibyuma kandi dushyireho urumuri kurwego rwubucuruzi bwibyuma byubushinwa nu Burusiya.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-09-2025