1. Ibyiza bya mashini byibyuma bitagira umwanda
Ibikoresho bya mashini bisabwa mubisanzwe bitangwa muburyo bwo kugura ibyuma bitagira umwanda. Ibikoresho byibura bya mashini nabyo bitangwa nuburinganire butandukanye bujyanye nibikoresho nibicuruzwa. Guhura nuburyo busanzwe bwubukanishi byerekana ko ibikoresho byakozwe neza kuri sisitemu nziza. Ba injeniyeri barashobora noneho kwiringira gukoresha ibikoresho muburyo bujyanye n'imirimo ikora neza hamwe ningutu.
Ibikoresho bya mashini byerekanwe kubicuruzwa byiziritse mubisanzwe ni imbaraga zingutu, guhangayika gutanga umusaruro (cyangwa guhangayikisha ibimenyetso), kuramba hamwe na Brinell cyangwa Rockwell gukomera. Ibisabwa byumutungo kubari, umuyoboro, imiyoboro hamwe nibikoresho mubisanzwe byerekana imbaraga zingana kandi bitanga umusaruro.
2. Gutanga Imbaraga Zicyuma
Bitandukanye nicyuma cyoroheje, imbaraga zumusaruro wa anuste austenitike idafite ibyuma ni igipimo gito cyane cyimbaraga zingana. Imbaraga zibyuma bitanga umusaruro mubisanzwe ni 65-70% byimbaraga zingana. Iyi mibare ikunda kuba 40-45% gusa mumuryango wa austenitis.
Ubukonje bukora vuba kandi byongera cyane imbaraga zumusaruro. Ubwoko bumwebumwe bwibyuma bitagira umwanda, nkumugozi wubushyuhe bwo mu mpeshyi, birashobora gukonja gukora kugirango imbaraga zumusaruro zigere kuri 80-95% byimbaraga zingana.
3. Guhindagurika kwicyuma
Gukomatanya akazi gakomeye gukomeye hamwe no kuramba / guhindagurika bituma ibyuma bidafite ingese byoroshye guhimba. Hamwe niyi mitungo ihuriweho, ibyuma bidafite ingese birashobora guhindurwa cyane mubikorwa nko gushushanya byimbitse.
Ubusanzwe guhindagurika bipimwa nka% kurambura mbere yo kuvunika mugihe cyo kwipimisha. Annealed austenitis ibyuma bidafite ibyuma bifite uburebure burebure budasanzwe. Imibare isanzwe ni 60-70%.
4. Gukomera kwicyuma
Gukomera ni ukurwanya kwinjira mubintu bifatika. Abagerageza gukomera bapima ubujyakuzimu bwerekana ko indenter ikomeye ishobora gusunikwa hejuru yikintu. Imashini za Brinell, Rockwell na Vickers zirakoreshwa. Buri kimwe muribi gifite indenter zitandukanye nuburyo bwo gukoresha imbaraga zizwi. Guhindura hagati yiminzani itandukanye rero biragereranijwe gusa.
Martensitis hamwe nimvura igabanya amanota arashobora gukomera no kuvura ubushyuhe. Ayandi manota arashobora gukomera binyuze mubikorwa bikonje.
5. Imbaraga zingutu zicyuma
Imbaraga zingana nubusanzwe umutungo wonyine usabwa kugirango usobanure ibicuruzwa ninsinga. Indangamanota yibikoresho irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha imbaraga zitandukanye. Imbaraga zitangwa zingirakamaro zibari ninsinga zifitanye isano itaziguye no gukoreshwa nyuma yo guhimba.
Umugozi wamasoko ukunda kugira imbaraga zingana nyuma yo guhimba. Imbaraga ndende zitangwa nubukonje bukora mumasoko yatetse. Hatariho imbaraga nyinshi insinga ntishobora gukora neza nkisoko.
Izo mbaraga ndende ntizisabwa kugirango insinga zikoreshwe mugukora cyangwa kuboha. Umugozi cyangwa umurongo ukoreshwa nkibikoresho fatizo bifata, nka bolts na screw, bigomba kuba byoroshye bihagije kugirango umutwe numutwe bibeho ariko biracyakomeye bihagije kugirango bikore bihagije muri serivisi.
Imiryango itandukanye yicyuma idafite ingese ikunda kugira imbaraga zitandukanye kandi zitanga imbaraga. Izi mbaraga zisanzwe kubintu bifatanye bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 1.
Imbonerahamwe 1. Imbaraga zisanzwe zometseho ibyuma bitavanze mumiryango itandukanye
| Imbaraga | Gutanga Imbaraga | |
| Austenitike | 600 | 250 |
| Duplex | 700 | 450 |
| Ferritic | 500 | 280 |
| Martensitike | 650 | 350 |
| Gukomera kw'imvura | 1100 | 1000 |
6. Ibyiza byumubiri byicyuma
Resist Kurwanya ruswa
● Kurwanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi buke
● Kuborohereza guhimba
Imbaraga nyinshi
Apell Ubujurire bwiza
Isuku no koroshya isuku
● Inzira ndende
● Gusubiramo
● Ubushobozi buke bwa magneti
7. Kurwanya Ruswa Kurwanya Ibyuma
Kurwanya ruswa nziza ni ikintu kiranga ibyuma byose bidafite ingese. Indangamanota ntoya irashobora kurwanya ruswa mubihe bisanzwe. Amavuta maremare arwanya ruswa na acide nyinshi, ibisubizo bya alkaline hamwe na chloride ibidukikije.
Kurwanya kwangirika kwibyuma bitagira umwanda biterwa nibirimo chromium. Muri rusange, ibyuma bidafite ingese birimo byibuze chromium hafi 10.5%. Chromium iri mu kivunge ikora ubwayo ikiza irinda okiside igaragara neza ubwayo mu kirere. Imiterere yo kwikiza ya oxyde isobanura kurwanya ruswa ikomeza kuba nziza hatitawe kuburyo bwo guhimba. Nubwo ubuso bwibintu byaciwe cyangwa byangiritse, bizakiza kandi birwanya ruswa bizakomeza.
8. Kurwanya Ubushyuhe bukabije
Ibyiciro bimwe bitagira umuyonga birashobora kurwanya gupima no kugumana imbaraga nyinshi mubushyuhe bwinshi. Ayandi manota agumana imiterere yubukanishi hejuru yubushyuhe bwa cryogenic.
Imbaraga Zinshi Zicyuma
Ibishushanyo mbonera hamwe nuburyo bwo guhimba birashobora guhinduka kugirango ukoreshe akazi gakomeye kwibyuma bitagira umwanda bibaho iyo bikonje bikorewe. Imbaraga zikomeye zishobora kwemerera gukoresha ibikoresho byoroshye, biganisha ku buremere buke nibiciro.
Itsinda ryibyuma bya Jindalai nuyoboye Uruganda rukora ibicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze / urupapuro / isahani / umurongo / umuyoboro. Inararibonye mumyaka irenga 20 yiterambere mumasoko mpuzamahanga kandi kuri ubu ifite inganda 2 zifite umusaruro wa toni zirenga 400.000 buri mwaka. Niba ushaka kubona andi makuru yerekeye ibikoresho byuma bidafite ingese, ikaze kutwandikira uyu munsi cyangwa gusaba ibisobanuro.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-19-2022