Zimwe mu miterere y'icyuma kitagira umugese

1. Imiterere ya tekiniki y'icyuma kitagira umugese
Imiterere isabwa ya mekanike isanzwe itangwa mu buryo busanzwe mu kugura ibyuma bitangiza ibyuma. Imiterere mike ya mekanike nayo itangwa hakurikijwe amahame atandukanye ajyanye n'ibikoresho n'imiterere y'ibicuruzwa. Iyo byujuje iyi miterere isanzwe ya mekanike, bigaragaza ko ibikoresho byakozwe neza ku buryo bwiza bukwiye. Abahanga mu by'ubwubatsi bashobora gukoresha neza ibikoresho mu nyubako zihuye n'imitwaro n'umuvuduko w'akazi mu buryo bwizewe.
Imiterere ya tekiniki ivugwa ku bicuruzwa bizinze neza ubusanzwe ni imbaraga zo gukurura, imbaraga zo gukuraho (cyangwa imbaraga zo gukingira), uburebure bw'umuvuduko n'ubukomere bwa Brinell cyangwa Rockwell. Ibisabwa ku miterere y'inkingi, umuyoboro, imiyoboro n'ibikoresho bikoreshwa muri iyo miyoboro akenshi bigaragaza imbaraga zo gukuraho n'imbaraga zo gukuraho.

2. Ingufu z'icyuma kitagira umuvuduko
Bitandukanye n'ibyuma byoroheje, imbaraga z'umusaruro w'icyuma cya austenitic cya annealed ni igipimo gito cyane cy'imbaraga zo gukurura. Imbaraga z'umusaruro w'icyuma cyoroheje ubusanzwe ni 65-70% by'imbaraga zo gukurura. Iyi mibare ikunze kuba 40-45% gusa mu muryango wa austenitic stainless.
Ikora vuba kandi yongera cyane imbaraga z'umusaruro. Hari ubwoko bumwe bw'icyuma kitagira umugese, nk'insinga zikonjeshwa n'impeshyi, gishobora gukoreshwa gikonje kugira ngo imbaraga z'umusaruro zigere kuri 80-95% by'imbaraga zo gukurura.

3. Ubukonje bw'icyuma kitagira umugese
Uruvange rw'ibipimo byo gukomera kw'imirimo no kurekura / guhindagurika cyane bituma ibyuma bitagira umugese byoroha cyane gukora. Hamwe n'ubu buryo bwo guhuza imiterere, ibyuma bitagira umugese bishobora kwangirika cyane mu bikorwa nko gushushanya mu buryo bwimbitse.
Ubusanzwe, ubushobozi bwo gupfunyika bupimwa nk'ubwiyongere bwa % mbere yo kuvunika mu gihe cyo gupima. Ibyuma bitagira umugese bya austenitic bifite uburebure bwinshi cyane. Imibare isanzwe ni 60-70%.

4. Ubukomere bw'icyuma kitagira umugese
Ubukomere ni ukudakomeza kwinjira mu buso bw'ibikoresho. Abapima ubukomere bapima uburebure bw'aho icyuma gikomeye cyane gishobora gusunikwa mu buso bw'ibikoresho. Hakoreshwa imashini za Brinell, Rockwell na Vickers. Buri kimwe muri ibi gifite imiterere itandukanye n'uburyo bwo gukoresha imbaraga zizwi. Guhinduranya hagati y'ibipimo bitandukanye rero ni hafi gusa.
Ingano zo gukomera kwa Martensitic n'imvura zishobora gukomera hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe. Izindi ngano zishobora gukomera hakoreshejwe uburyo bukonje.

5. Ingufu zo gukurura ibyuma bitagira umugozi
Ubunini bw'umugozi ni bwo buryo bwonyine bukoreshwa mu gushushanya ibikoresho by'insinga n'imigozi. Ingano y'ibikoresho bisa ishobora gukoreshwa ku mbaraga zitandukanye zo gukurura mu bikorwa bitandukanye rwose. Ubunini bw'umugozi butangwa n'ibicuruzwa by'insinga n'imigozi bufitanye isano itaziguye n'ikoreshwa rya nyuma nyuma yo gukora.
Insinga zikoresha impeshyi zikunze kugira imbaraga nyinshi zo gukurura nyuma yo kuzikora. Ingufu nyinshi zitangwa no gukora mu mpeshyi zikonje. Iyo nta mbaraga nyinshi izi nsinga zakozwe, ntizakora neza nk'impeshyi.
Insinga zikomeye nk'izo ntizikenewe kugira ngo insinga zikoreshwe mu gukora cyangwa kuboha. Insinga cyangwa inkingi ikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho fatizo byo gufatanya, nk'amaboliti n'amapine, igomba kuba yoroshye bihagije kugira ngo umutwe n'umugozi bikorwe ariko igakomeza gukomera bihagije kugira ngo ikore neza mu kazi.
Imiryango itandukanye y'ibyuma bitagira umugese ikunze kugira imbaraga zitandukanye zo gukurura no gutanga umusaruro. Izi mbaraga zisanzwe ku bikoresho bipfunyitse zigaragazwa mu mbonerahamwe ya 1.
Imbonerahamwe ya 1. Ingufu zisanzwe ku byuma bitagira umugese biva mu miryango itandukanye

	Imbaraga zo Gufata	Imbaraga z'umusaruro
Austenitic	600	250
Duplex	700	450
Ferritic	500	280
Martensitic	650	350
Gukomera kw'imvura	1100	1000

6. Imiterere ifatika y'icyuma kitagira umugese
● Ubudahangarwa bw'inkongi
● Ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe buri hejuru n'ubukonje
● Uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora
● Ingufu nyinshi
● Kugaragara neza kw'ubwiza
● Isuku no koroshya isuku
● Iramba ry'ubuzima
● Irashobora kongera gukoreshwa
● Ubushobozi buke bwo kwinjira mu bushobozi bwa rukuruzi

7. Ubudahangarwa bw'icyuma kidashonga n'ubushyuhe
Ubudahangarwa bwiza bwa ruswa ni ikintu kiranga ibyuma byose bidashonga neza. Ingano nto ya aluminiyumu ishobora kurwanya ruswa mu bihe bisanzwe. Ingano nyinshi za aluminiyumu zirwanya ruswa bitewe na aside nyinshi, alkaline na chloride.
Ubudahangarwa bw'icyuma kidashonga buterwa n'ingano ya chromium. Muri rusange, icyuma kidashonga kiba gifite nibura chromium ingana na 10.5%. Chromium iri muri alloy ikora urwego rwa okiside rugaragara kandi rukora mu kirere mu buryo bwikora. Uburyo urwego rwa okiside rwivura butuma urwego rwa okiside rugumaho uko rwaba rumeze kose. Nubwo ubuso bw'ikintu bwacibwa cyangwa bwangirika, buzivura kandi buzagumana ubudahangarwa bw'icyuma.

8. Kurwanya ubushyuhe bukabije
Ibyuma bimwe na bimwe bishobora kwirinda kwangirika no kugumana imbaraga nyinshi mu bushyuhe bwinshi cyane. Ibindi bipimo bigumana imiterere myinshi ya mekanike mu bushyuhe bukabije.
Ingufu nyinshi z'icyuma kitagira umugese
Imiterere y'ibice n'uburyo bwo gukora bishobora guhinduka kugira ngo byungukire ku gukomera kw'ibyuma bitagira umugese bibaho iyo bikonje. Ingufu nyinshi zikomoka kuri ibyo zishobora gutuma hakoreshwa ibikoresho bito, bigatuma uburemere n'ibiciro bigabanuka.

Jindalai Steel Group ni ikigo gikomeye mu gukora no kohereza mu mahanga ibikoresho by'icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa "stainless steel coil/sheet/plate/strip/pipe". Imaze imyaka irenga 20 itera imbere ku masoko mpuzamahanga, ubu ikaba ifite inganda ebyiri zifite ubushobozi bwo gukora toni zirenga 400.000 buri mwaka. Niba ushaka kumenya byinshi ku bikoresho by'icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa "stainless steel", ikaze kutwandikira uyu munsi cyangwa usabe ikiguzi.

 

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