Ibyiciro bitatu byo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwicyuma

Uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwibyuma burashobora kugabanywa mubice bitatu: kuvura ubushyuhe muri rusange, kuvura ubushyuhe bwo hejuru no kuvura ubushyuhe bwimiti. Ukurikije uburyo bwo gushyushya, ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya nuburyo bwo gukonjesha, buri cyiciro gishobora kugabanywamo uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura ubushyuhe. Ukoresheje uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura ubushyuhe, icyuma kimwe gishobora kubona imiterere itandukanye bityo ikagira imiterere itandukanye. Icyuma nicyuma gikoreshwa cyane munganda, kandi microstructure yicyuma nayo iragoye cyane, kuburyo hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibikorwa byo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwibyuma.

Muri rusange kuvura ubushyuhe nuburyo bwo gutunganya ibyuma bishyushya igihangano muri rusange hanyuma kikonjesha umuvuduko ukwiye kugirango uhindure imiterere yubukanishi muri rusange. Muri rusange kuvura ubushyuhe bwibyuma muri rusange harimo inzira enye zingenzi: annealing, bisanzwe, kuzimya no gutwarwa.

1.Gushyira hamwe

Annealing ni ugushyushya igihangano kubushyuhe bukwiye, fata ibihe bitandukanye byo gufata ukurikije ibikoresho nubunini bwakazi, hanyuma ukonje buhoro buhoro. Ikigamijwe ni ugukora imiterere yimbere yicyuma igera cyangwa yegereye leta iringaniye, cyangwa kurekura imihangayiko yimbere yatanzwe mubikorwa byabanjirije. Shaka imikorere myiza nibikorwa bya serivisi, cyangwa utegure imiterere kugirango uzimye.

2.Kudasanzwe

Ubusanzwe cyangwa ibisanzwe ni ugushyushya igicapo ubushyuhe bukwiye hanyuma ukakonjesha mukirere. Ingaruka yo gukora ibisanzwe isa niy'umugereka, usibye ko imiterere yabonetse ari nziza. Bikunze gukoreshwa mugutezimbere imikorere yibikoresho, kandi rimwe na rimwe bikoreshwa muguhuza ibisabwa bimwe. Ntabwo ibice biri hejuru yo kuvura ubushyuhe bwa nyuma.

3.Kuzimya

Kuzimya ni ugushyushya no kubungabunga igihangano, hanyuma ukakonjesha vuba muburyo bwo kuzimya nk'amazi, amavuta cyangwa ibindi bisubizo byumunyu ngugu, ibisubizo byamazi yo mumazi.

4.Gerageza

Nyuma yo kuzimya, ibyuma birakomera ariko icyarimwe bigahinduka. Kugirango ugabanye ubukana bwibice byibyuma, ibyuma byazimye bibikwa kubushyuhe bukwiye hejuru yubushyuhe bwicyumba no munsi ya 650 ° C mugihe kirekire, hanyuma bikonjeshwa. Iyi nzira yitwa ubushyuhe. Annealing, bisanzwe, kuzimya, no kurakara ni "umuriro ine" mukuvura ubushyuhe muri rusange. Muri byo, kuzimya no kurakara bifitanye isano ya hafi kandi akenshi bikoreshwa hamwe kandi ni ngombwa.

"Imiriro ine" yahinduye uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura ubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe butandukanye hamwe nuburyo bukonje. Kugirango ubone imbaraga nubukomere runaka, inzira yo guhuza kuzimya nubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane byitwa kuzimya no gutuza. Nyuma yuko amavuta amwe azimye kugirango akore igisubizo kirenze urugero, abikwa mubushyuhe bwicyumba cyangwa ubushyuhe buke buke mugihe kinini kugirango arusheho kunoza ubukana, imbaraga cyangwa imiterere ya electromagnetique yumuti. Ubu buryo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bwitwa kuvura gusaza.

Uburyo bwo guhuza neza no guhuza imbaraga gutunganya no guhindura ubushyuhe kugirango ubone imbaraga nubukomezi byakazi byitwa kuvura deformasiyo; kuvura ubushyuhe bikozwe mumyuka mibi cyangwa vacuum byitwa vacuum heat treatment, ibyo ntibishobora gusa Igikorwa cyakazi ntikizaba oxyde cyangwa decarburize, kandi ubuso bwibikorwa byavuwe bizagumaho neza kandi bisukuye, bitezimbere imikorere yakazi. Irashobora kandi kuba imiti ivura imiti yinjira.

Kugeza ubu, hamwe no kwiyongera kwa tekinoroji ya laser na plasma, ubwo buryo bwombi bukoreshwa mugukoresha urwego rwibindi bitarwanya kwambara, birwanya ruswa cyangwa birinda ubushyuhe hejuru yibikoresho bisanzwe byibyuma kugirango uhindure imiterere yubuso bwa umwimerere. Ubu buhanga bushya bwitwa guhindura isura.