Ubushobozi bwibikoresho byo kunanira indentation yubuso nibintu bikomeye byitwa gukomera. Dukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo kwipimisha hamwe no gusaba no gukomera bishobora kugabanywa na brunell, gukomera gukomeye, gukomera, inkoko ikomeye, microchardness nubushyuhe bwinshi. Hariho bitatu bikunze gukoreshwa kubikorwa byimiyoboro: brinell, urutare, no gukomera.
A. BRINSELL HARDSTS (HB)
Koresha umupira w'icyuma cyangwa umupira wa tarbide wa diameter runaka kugirango ukande hejuru yicyitegererezo hamwe nimbaraga zagenwe (f). Nyuma yigihe cyo gufatanya, kura ingufu zizamini hanyuma upime diameter (l) kurugero. Brinell Hardness Agaciro nicyo kiswa wabonetse mugugabanya imbaraga zipimisha nubuso bwa shitingi yavuzwe. Yagaragajwe muri HBS (umupira w'icyuma), igice ni N / MM2 (MPA).
Iteraniro ryo kubara ni:
Muri formula: F-Ingabo zateganijwe zikaba hejuru yicyitegererezo cyicyuma, n;
D-diameter yumupira wicyuma kugirango ikizamini, MM;
D-ugereranije diameter ya indentation, mm.
Igipimo cya Brinell Hardness ni ukuri kandi cyizewe, ariko muri rusange HBS birakwiriye gusa kubikoresho byicyuma munsi ya 450n / MM2 (MPA), kandi ntabwo ikwiriye ibyuma bikomeye cyangwa ibyapa byoroshye. Mu bipimo by'imiyoboro y'ibyuma, Brinell Hasi nacyo nicyo gikoreshwa cyane. Diameter d ikunze gukoreshwa mugusobanura gukomera kwibikoresho, byombi byihutirwa kandi byoroshye.
Urugero: 120hbs10 / 1000130: Bisobanura ko agaciro ka Brinell gakomeye upima umupira wa 10mm (9.807kN (9.807kn) kuri 120n / MM2 (MP2 (MP2 (MP).
B. Rockwell Gukomera (HR)
Ikizamini gikomeye cya rockwell, kimwe nikigeragezo gikomeye cya brinell, ni uburyo bwo kwipimisha. Itandukaniro nuko ripima ubujyakuzimu bwa indentation. Ni ukuvuga, munsi yibikorwa bikurikiranye byingufu zambere (fo) hamwe nimbaraga zose zipimisha (f), indenter (cone cyangwa umupira wamabuye (kanda kuri rusyo) ukanda hejuru yicyitegererezo. Nyuma yigihe cyerekanwe, imbaraga nyamukuru zavanyweho. Imbaraga z'ibizamini, koresha indentation yapimwe yimbitse (e) kubara agaciro gakomeye. Agaciro kayo ni umubare utazwi, uhagarariwe n'ikimenyetso Hr, kandi umunzani wakoreshwaga urimo iminzani 9, harimo na, b, b, na c, ni ukuvuga HRC, na HRC.
Agaciro gakomeye kabarwa ukoresheje formula ikurikira:
Iyo upimishije hamwe numunzani, Hr = 100-e
Iyo ugerageza hamwe na b igipimo, hr = 130-e
Muri formula, e - indentation isigaye yimbitse igaragazwa mu gice cya 0.002mm, ni ukuvuga, iyo imurikagurisha ryashyizwe ahagaragara ni igice kimwe (0.002mm), bihwanye n'impinduka muri rocwell hashobora gukomera n'umubare umwe. Ninini agaciro e agaciro, hepfo gukomera kwicyuma, naho ubundi.
Urugero rukoreshwa mu munzani bitatu wavuzwe haruguru ni ku buryo bukurikira:
HRA (Diamond Cone Indenter) 20-88
HRC (Diamond Cone Indenter) 20-70
HRB (diameter 1.588mm umupira wumupira) 20-100
Ikizamini gikomeye cya rockwell nuburyo bukoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe, muri ibyo HRC ikoreshwa mumashusho yicyuma isegonda gusa kuri Brinell Hardness HB. Gukomera gukomera birashobora gukoreshwa mugupima ibikoresho by'ibyuma byoroshye cyane kugirango bikomeye cyane. Bituma ibitagenda neza muburyo bwa brinell. Ntabwo byoroshye kuruta uburyo bwa brinell hamwe agaciro gakomeye gashobora gusomwa biturutse kumurongo wa mashini ikomeye. Ariko, kubera indentation nto, agaciro gakomeye ntabwo ari ukuri nkuburyo bwa brinell.
C. Vickers Gukomera (HV)
Ikizamini cya Dickers cyo gukomera ni uburyo bwo kwipimisha indentation. Ikanda kare piamant diyama hamwe ninguni irimo 1360 hagati yikizamini gitandukanye kurugo rwatoranijwe (F), hanyuma uyikure nyuma yigihe runaka. Imbaraga, gupima uburebure bwa diagonal ebyiri za indentation.
Abashuka cyane agaciro niyo jambo ryifashishwa zigabanijwe nubuso bwubuso. Formula yo kubara ni:
Muri formula: HV-Vickers Hardness Ikimenyetso, N / MM2 (MPA);
F-Imbaraga, N;
D - imibare isobanura ibibyimba bibiri bya indentation, mm.
Imbaraga zigerageza f zikoreshwa muri vickers Ikomeye ni 5 (49.03), 10 (98.07), 20 (196.1), 30 (294.2), 50 (980.7) na indi nzego esheshatu. Agaciro gakomeye karashobora gupimwa urwego ni 5 ~ 1000hv.
Urugero rwo gutanga ibitekerezo: 640HV30/8 bivuze ko abaskuba bakomeye bapimye hamwe nimbaraga za 30hgf (294.2N) kuri 640 (MM2 (MP).
Uburyo bwo gukomera uburyo burashobora gukoreshwa mukumenya ubukana bwibikoresho bitoroshye nibikoresho byo hejuru. Ifite ibyiza nyamukuru byubwoko Brinell na Rocwell kandi utsinde amakosa yabo yibanze, ariko ntabwo byoroshye nka rocwell. Uburyo bwa Vickers ntabwo bukoreshwa mu bipimo by'imiyoboro y'ibyuma.
Kohereza Igihe: APR-03-2024