Ubushobozi bwibikoresho byicyuma cyo kurwanya indente yubuso kubintu bikomeye byitwa gukomera. Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwikizamini hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa, ubukana burashobora kugabanywamo ubukana bwa Brinell, ubukana bwa Rockwell, ubukana bwa Vickers, ubukana bwa Shore, microhardness hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Hano haribintu bitatu bikunze gukoreshwa kumiyoboro: Brinell, Rockwell, na Vickers gukomera.
A. Gukomera kwa Brinell (HB)
Koresha umupira wicyuma cyangwa umupira wa karbide ya diameter runaka kugirango ukande hejuru yicyitegererezo hamwe nimbaraga zipimishije (F). Nyuma yigihe cyagenwe cyo gufata, kura imbaraga zipimisha hanyuma upime diameter ya indentation (L) hejuru yicyitegererezo. Brinell gukomera agaciro nigipimo cyabonetse mugabanye imbaraga zipimisha kubuso bwubuso bwurwego rwerekanwe. Byerekanwe muri HBS (umupira wibyuma), igice ni N / mm2 (MPa).
Inzira yo kubara ni:
Muri formula: F - imbaraga zipimisha zikanda hejuru yicyuma cyicyitegererezo, N;
D - Diameter yumupira wicyuma kugirango ugerageze, mm;
d - impuzandengo ya diameter ya indentation, mm.
Ibipimo by'ubukomezi bwa Brinell birasobanutse neza kandi byizewe, ariko muri rusange HBS ikwiranye gusa nibikoresho byuma biri munsi ya 450N / mm2 (MPa), kandi ntibikwiriye ibyuma bikomeye cyangwa ibyapa byoroshye. Mubipimo byicyuma, Brinell gukomera nikoreshwa cyane. Indanganturo ya diameter d ikoreshwa kenshi kugirango igaragaze ubukana bwibintu, byombi kandi byoroshye.
Urugero: 120HBS10 / 1000130: Bivuze ko agaciro gakomeye ka Brinell gapimwe ukoresheje umupira wibyuma wa diametero 10mm munsi yikizamini cya 1000Kgf (9.807KN) kuri 30s (amasegonda) ni 120N / mm2 (MPa).
B. Gukomera kwa Rockwell (HR)
Ikizamini gikomeye cya Rockwell, kimwe nikizamini cya Brinell, ni uburyo bwo gupima indentation. Itandukaniro nuko ripima ubujyakuzimu bwa indentation. Nukuvuga ko, mubikorwa bikurikiranye byimbaraga zambere zipimisha (Fo) nimbaraga zose zipima (F), indenter (cone cyangwa umupira wicyuma cyuruganda rukora ibyuma) ikanda hejuru yicyitegererezo. Nyuma yigihe cyagenwe cyo gufata, imbaraga nyamukuru zivanyweho. Imbaraga zipimisha, koresha ibipimo byapimwe bisigaye byerekana uburebure bwiyongera (e) kugirango ubare agaciro gakomeye. Agaciro kayo numubare utazwi, ugereranwa nikimenyetso HR, kandi umunzani wakoreshejwe urimo umunzani 9, harimo A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, na K. Muri byo, umunzani ukunze gukoreshwa mubyuma kwipimisha gukomera muri rusange ni A, B, na C, aribyo HRA, HRB, na HRC.
Agaciro gakomeye kabarwa ukoresheje formula ikurikira:
Iyo ugerageza ufite umunzani A na C, HR = 100-e
Iyo ugerageza hamwe na B igipimo, HR = 130-e
Muri formula, e - ubwiyongere bwimbitse bwimbitse bugaragarira mubice byagenwe bya 0.002mm, ni ukuvuga, iyo kwimura axial ya indenter ari igice kimwe (0.002mm), bihwanye nimpinduka mubukomere bwa Rockwell numwe umwe nimero. Ninini e agaciro, niko gukomera kwicyuma, naho ubundi.
Ingano ikoreshwa yiminzani itatu yavuzwe haruguru niyi ikurikira:
HRA (diamant cone indenter) 20-88
HRC (diyama cone indenter) 20-70
HRB (diameter 1.588mm ibyuma byerekana umupira) 20-100
Ikizamini cyo gukomera kwa Rockwell nuburyo bukoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe, muri bwo HRC ikoreshwa mu bipimo byicyuma cya kabiri nyuma ya Brinell gukomera HB. Ubukomezi bwa Rockwell burashobora gukoreshwa mugupima ibikoresho byuma kuva byoroshye cyane kugeza bikomeye. Cyuzuye kubitagenda neza muburyo bwa Brinell. Nibyoroshye kuruta uburyo bwa Brinell kandi agaciro gakomeye karashobora gusomwa biturutse kumurongo wimashini ikomeye. Ariko, kubera indentasiyo ntoya, agaciro gakomeye ntabwo kukuri nkuburyo bwa Brinell.
C. Gukomera kwa Vickers (HV)
Ikizamini cya Vickers nacyo ni uburyo bwo gupima indentation. Ikanda kuri kare ya piramide ya diamant indenter ifite inguni ya 1360 hagati yubuso butandukanye hagati yikizamini ku mbaraga zatoranijwe (F), ikayikuraho nyuma yigihe cyagenwe cyo gufata. Imbaraga, bapima uburebure bwa diagonal ebyiri za indentation.
Agaciro ka Vickers nigipimo cyimbaraga zipimisha zigabanijwe nubuso bwa indentation. Inzira yo kubara ni:
Muri formula: Ikimenyetso cya HV - Vickers, N / mm2 (MPa);
F - imbaraga zo kugerageza, N;
d - imibare isobanura imibare ibiri ya diagonals ya indentation, mm.
Imbaraga zipimisha F zikoreshwa mubukomere bwa Vickers ni 5 (49.03), 10 (98.07), 20 (196.1), 30 (294.2), 50 (490.3), 100 (980.7) Kgf (N) nizindi nzego esheshatu. Agaciro gakomeye karashobora gupimwa Urwego ni 5 ~ 1000HV.
Urugero rwuburyo bwo kwerekana: 640HV30 / 20 bivuze ko agaciro gakomeye ka Vickers gapimwe nimbaraga zo gupima 30Hgf (294.2N) kuri 20S (amasegonda) ni 640N / mm2 (MPa).
Uburyo bukomeye bwa Vickers burashobora gukoreshwa kugirango hamenyekane ubukana bwibikoresho byoroheje cyane byuma byubutaka. Ifite ibyiza byingenzi byuburyo bwa Brinell na Rockwell kandi bunesha amakosa yabo yibanze, ariko ntabwo byoroshye nkuburyo bwa Rockwell. Uburyo bwa Vickers ntibukoreshwa gake mubipimo byicyuma.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-03-2024