Agace k'icyuma cya karuboni ni agace k'icyuma karekare, gafite impande ebyiri, gakunze gukorwa no gukurura ibintu bishyushye cyangwa bikonje. Ubugari bwacyo buruta cyane ubunini bwacyo, bukitandukanya n'agace k'icyuma karekare cyangwa kizunguruka. Ijambo "icyuma cya karuboni" rigaragaza ko igice cyacyo cy'ingenzi cyo gushushanya ari karuboni, karimo gusa ingano nto y'ibindi bintu nka manganese, silikoni, na sulfure. Ingano ya karuboni (kuva kuri 0.05% kugeza hejuru ya 1.0%) igira ingaruka zitaziguye ku bukomere, imbaraga, ubushobozi bwo kugenda, no gusonera agace k'icyuma.
Gukonjesha bikozwe munsi y'ubushyuhe bwo kongera gukonjesha. Akenshi bikorwa ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba, nubwo rimwe na rimwe icyuma gishyuha gato kugira ngo kigabanye ingorane zo gutunganya, ariko ubushyuhe buba buri hasi cyane ugereranyije n'ubushyuhe bushyushye bwo gukonjesha.
Gucukura mu buryo bukonje muri rusange bikorwa ku byuma bishyushye. Nyuma yo gutunganya ubuso nko gucukura, icyuma gishyushye gishyirwa mu ruganda rukora ibikoresho bikonje kugira ngo gikomeze gucukura. Mu gihe cyo gucukura mu buryo bukonje, icyuma kirushaho kugabanuka mu bunini kandi ubwiza bwacyo n'ubuziranenge bw'ubuso birushaho kwiyongera bitewe n'imikorere yo gucukura imigozi ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba. Kubera ko gucukura mu buryo bukonje bikorwa ku bushyuhe buri hasi, gukomera kw'icyuma biragaragara cyane, bisaba gucukura hagati n'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura kugira ngo gisubire kuba cyiza. Nyuma yo gucukura mu buryo bukonje, icyuma gikonje kirushaho gukomera, ariko ubuziranenge bwacyo n'ubukomere bwacyo biragabanuka gato. Icyuma gikonje gitanga ubuziranenge bwo hejuru bw'ubuso n'ubuziranenge buhagije, bigatuma kiba cyiza mu bikorwa bisaba ubuziranenge bwo hejuru bw'ubuso n'ubuziranenge buhagije.
Gushyushya bishyushye ni igikorwa cyo gushyushya gikorerwa hejuru y’ubushyuhe bwo kongera gushyushya. Inyinshi mu nsinga z’icyuma cya karuboni zikozwe hakoreshejwe gushyushya bishyushye. Ubushyuhe bushyushya muri rusange buri hagati ya 1100℃ na 1250℃, icyo gihe icyuma kiba kiri mu bushyuhe bwinshi, bigatuma byoroha kugihindura plastike. Ibi birahendutse, biboneka mu bunini butandukanye, ubusanzwe kuva kuri santimetero 1/8 kugeza kuri santimetero 4 n’ubugari bwa santimetero 12.
Ubwa mbere, agace k'icyuma gashyushywa kugeza ku bushyuhe bwinshi, hanyuma kagazungurutswa inshuro nyinshi mu mizunguruko, buhoro buhoro bigabanura ubunini bw'icyuma mugihe gihindura imiterere n'ingano yacyo. Mugihe cyo gushyushya, imiterere mito y'icyuma irahinduka; imiterere y'icyuma yambere ihinduka imiterere ishyushye izungurutswa binyuze mu gushyushya no gukonjesha. Icyuma gishyushye gikunze kugira ubuso buto kandi gishobora kugira imiterere nk'iy'icyuma gishyushye. Icyuma gishyushye gishyushye gifite imbaraga nke ariko gifite ubwisanzure bwiza n'ubukonje. Ibi biterwa nuko icyuma gishyushya cyane kandi gikonjesha vuba mugihe cyo gushyushya, bigatuma imiterere mito ihinduka imwe kandi ikagira stress nke imbere.
Imiterere y'ibyuma bito bito bya karuboni biterwa n'ingano yabyo ya karuboni n'uburyo bwo kubitunganya. Ibyuma bito bito bya karuboni (AISI 1018, ASTM A36) bifite imbaraga zo gukurura za MPa zigera kuri 400–550, imbaraga zo gutanga za MPa zigera kuri 250–350, n'uburebure bw'aho biva bikagera kuri 20–25%. Ni byoroshye, bitoroshye gukurura, kandi byoroshye gusudira cyangwa kubikoresha mu mashini. Ibyuma bito bya karuboni (AISI 1045), nyuma yo kubikora neza, bishobora kugera ku mbaraga zo gukurura za MPa 570–700, ariko ubushobozi bwo gukurura bwabyo buragabanuka. Ibyuma bito bya karuboni nyinshi (AISI 1095) bishobora kugira imbaraga zo gukurura zirenga MPa 800, ariko birapfa kugwa keretse bishyushye.
Uretse karuboni, hari n'ibindi bintu bigira uruhare runini. Manganese (kugeza kuri 1.65%) yongera imbaraga kandi ikavanaho ogiside mu cyuma. Fosifore na sulfur biguma biri hasi (byombi biri munsi ya 0.05%) kugira ngo hirindwe ko ubukonje bucika no gushyuha. Ibyuma bimwe na bimwe binyura mu cyuma bikorerwa isuku no gusiga amavuta kugira ngo bikureho umuvuduko wo kuzunguruka no kurinda ingese by'agateganyo.
Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bikoreshwa mu byuma bikozwe mu byuma bikozwe mu cyuma cya karuboni ni ubwubatsi. Ibi byuma bikozwe mu cyuma bikozwe mu cyuma gi ...
Uretse ubwubatsi, icyuma gikozwe muri karuboni gifite akamaro kanini mu nganda z'imodoka n'imashini. Gikunze gukoreshwa mu gukora ibice bitandukanye by'imodoka, nka chassis, axles, na sisitemu zo guhagarara. Igipimo kinini cy'imbaraga ku buremere bw'icyuma gikozwe muri karuboni gifasha abakora gukora ibice byoroshye ariko bikomeye, bityo bikanoza imikorere y'imodoka no gukoresha neza lisansi. Byongeye kandi, mu nganda z'imashini, ibikoresho bikozwe muri karuboni bikoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho n'ibikoresho, kandi kuramba kwabyo no kudashira ni ingenzi kugira ngo bikore neza igihe kirekire.
Guhitamo icyuma gikwiye cya karuboni bisaba guhuza ibintu byinshi: imiterere ikenewe ya mekanike (imbaraga, ubushobozi bwo gukora, ubukana), imiterere y'ubuso, imiterere y'ubuso, ibidukikije byangiza, uburyo bwo gutunganya (gusudira, gukora, kunama), n'ingengo y'imari ingana. Ku miterere myinshi, ASTM A36 ifite icyuma gishyushye gitanga uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza mu bijyanye no kuboneka, ubushobozi bwo gukora, n'igiciro. Ku migozi ikora neza cyangwa inzira ziyobora ibikoresho by'imashini, icyuma gikonjesha cya 1018 cyangwa 1045 ni amahitamo meza. Ku bice byashaje cyane nka scrapers, icyuma gishyushye cya karuboni cyangwa icyuma gishyushye gishobora gukenerwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-18-2026
