Intangiriro kubikorwa bikonje bipfa ibyuma

Ubukonje bukora bipfa gukoreshwa cyane cyane mugushiraho kashe, gupfunyika, gukora, kunama, gukuramo imbeho, gushushanya ubukonje, ifu ya metallurgie ipfa, nibindi bisaba gukomera cyane, kwihanganira kwambara cyane no gukomera bihagije. Mubisanzwe bigabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri: ubwoko rusange nubwoko bwihariye. Kurugero, intego-rusange yubukonje bupfa ibyuma muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika mubisanzwe birimo ibyiciro bine byibyuma: 01, A2, D2, na D3. Kugereranya amanota yicyuma cyibikorwa rusange bikonje bikonje bikoreshwa mubyuma bikoreshwa mu bihugu bitandukanye bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 4. Ukurikije igipimo cy’Ubuyapani JIS, ubwoko bw’imirimo ikonje ipfa ibyuma bishobora gukoreshwa ni urukurikirane rwa SK, harimo na SK ibyuma bya karubone, ibyuma 8 bya SKD ibyuma byifashishwa, hamwe na 9 SKHMO ikurikirana ibyuma byihuta cyane, hamwe nicyiciro 24 cyicyuma. Ubushinwa bwa GB / T1299-2000 buvanze ibikoresho byuma bikubiyemo ibyuma 11 byose hamwe, bigizwe nurutonde rwuzuye. Hamwe nimpinduka muburyo bwo gutunganya tekinoroji, ibikoresho bitunganijwe hamwe nibisabwa kubibumbano, urukurikirane rwibanze ntirushobora guhaza ibikenewe. Uruganda rukora ibyuma byabayapani nibikoresho bikomeye byu Burayi kandi bipfa gukora ibyuma byateje imbere ibikorwa byihariye bikonje bipfa ibyuma, kandi bigenda buhoro buhoro byubaka Ibikorwa byubukonje bipfa gukurikiranwa ibyuma, iterambere ryiyi mirimo ikonje ipfa ibyuma nicyerekezo cyiterambere cyimirimo ikonje ipfa ibyuma.

Umuyaga muke umuyaga uzimya imirimo ikonje ipfa ibyuma

Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji yo gutunganya ubushyuhe, cyane cyane ikoreshwa ryinshi rya tekinoroji yo kuzimya vacuum mu nganda zibumbabumbwe, kugirango hagabanuke ihindagurika ry’imitsi, ibyuma bimwe na bimwe bito bito bito byangiza umwuka byangiza mikorobe ndetse no mu mahanga. Ubu bwoko bwibyuma busaba gukomera no kuvura ubushyuhe Ifite ihinduka rito, imbaraga nziza nubukomere, kandi ifite kwihanganira kwambara. Nubwo imirimo isanzwe ikonje cyane ikora ibyuma (nka D2, A2) ifite ubukana bwiza, ifite ibiyikubiyemo byinshi kandi bihenze. Kubwibyo, ibyuma bimwe na bimwe bya mikorobe-deformasiyo yakozwe mu gihugu no hanze yacyo. Ubu bwoko bwibyuma burimo ibintu bivangwa na Cr na Mn ibivanze kugirango tunoze gukomera. Igiteranyo cyibintu byose bivanze ni rusange <5%. Irakwiriye gukora ibice byuzuye hamwe nibice bito bitanga umusaruro. Ibishushanyo bigoye. Ibyiciro byerekana ibyuma birimo A6 yo muri Amerika, ACD37 yo muri Hitachi Metals, G04 yo muri Daido idasanzwe, AKS3 yo muri Aichi Steel, nibindi. yagumanye austenite kandi ifite imbaraga nziza, gukomera no guhagarara neza. Irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora kashe ikonje ipfa gukunda gucika no kuvunika. Ubuzima bwo hejuru.

Umuriro wazimye ibyuma

Kugirango ugabanye inganda zikora, koroshya uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe, kuzigama ingufu no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gukora. Ubuyapani bwateje imbere ibikorwa bidasanzwe bikonje bipfa gukenerwa kugirango umuriro uzimye. Mubisanzwe harimo SX105V ya Aichi Steel (7CrSiMnMoV), SX4 (Cr8), HMD5 ya Hitachi Metal, HMD1, Datong idasanzwe y’icyuma cya G05, nibindi Ubushinwa bwateje imbere 7Cr7SiMnMoV. Ubu bwoko bwibyuma burashobora gukoreshwa kugirango ushushe icyuma cyangwa ibindi bice byububiko ukoresheje imbunda ya oxyacetylene spray cyangwa izindi hoteri nyuma yo gutunganywa hanyuma igakonjeshwa ikirere ikazimya. Mubisanzwe, irashobora gukoreshwa neza nyuma yo kuzimya. Bitewe nuburyo bworoshye, ikoreshwa cyane mubuyapani. Ubwoko bwibyuma byerekana ubwoko bwibyuma ni 7CrSiMnMoV, ifite gukomera gukomeye. Iyo φ80mm ibyuma byazimye amavuta, ubukana buri hagati ya 30mm uvuye hejuru burashobora kugera kuri 60HRC. Itandukaniro mubukomere hagati yibanze nubuso ni 3HRC. Iyo kuzimya umuriro, Nyuma yo gushyuha kuri 180 ~ 200 ° C no gushyushya 900-1000 ° C kugirango uzimye imbunda ya spray, ubukana burashobora kugera kuri 60HRC kandi hashobora kuboneka urwego rukomeye hejuru ya 1.5mm.

Gukomera cyane, kwambara cyane kwihanganira akazi gakonje bipfa ibyuma

Mu rwego rwo kunoza ubukana bwimirimo ikonje ipfa ibyuma no kugabanya ubukana bwicyuma, ibigo bimwe na bimwe bikomeye byo mu mahanga bikoresha ibyuma byububumbyi byateje imbere urukurikirane rwimirimo ikonje bipfa gukomera hamwe no gukomera kwinshi. Ubu bwoko bwibyuma burimo karubone hafi 1% na 8% Cr. Hiyongereyeho Mo, V, Si nibindi bintu bivangavanze, karbide zayo ni nziza, ziragabanijwe neza, kandi ubukana bwayo buri hejuru cyane ugereranije nicyuma cya Cr12, mugihe imyambarire yacyo isa. . Gukomera kwabo, imbaraga zoroshye, imbaraga zumunaniro hamwe no gukomera kuvunika ni hejuru, kandi guhagarara kwabo kurwanya ubushyuhe nabyo birarenze ibyuma bya Crl2. Birakwiriye gukubitwa byihuse hamwe na sitasiyo nyinshi. Ubwoko bwibyuma byerekana ubwoko bwibyuma ni DC53 yUbuyapani ifite V nkeya na CRU-WEAR ifite V nyinshi. DC53 yazimye kuri 1020-1040 ° C kandi ubukana burashobora kugera kuri 62-63HRC nyuma yo gukonjesha ikirere. Irashobora gutwarwa n'ubushyuhe buke (180 ~ 200 ℃) hamwe n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru (500 ~ 550 ℃), ubukana bwayo bushobora kuba hejuru inshuro 1 kurenza D2, kandi umunaniro wabwo ukaba uri hejuru ya 20% kurenza D2; nyuma ya CRU-WEAR guhimba no kuzunguruka, irashyirwa hamwe kandi igashyirwa kuri 850-870 ℃. Hafi ya 30 ℃ / isaha, gukonjeshwa kugeza kuri 650 ℃ hanyuma ukarekurwa, ubukana bushobora kugera kuri 225-255HB, ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya bushobora gutoranywa mu ntera ya 1020 ~ 1120 ℃, ubukana bushobora kugera kuri 63HRC, bugashyuha kuri 480 ~ 570 ℃ kumikoreshereze yimiterere, hamwe nibigaragara bya kabiri Ingaruka zo gukomera, kwambara kwihanganira no gukomera biruta D2.

Ibyuma shingiro steel Icyuma cyihuta）

Ibyuma byihuta byakoreshejwe cyane mumahanga kugirango bikore imikorere yubukonje bukabije, burigihe kirekire kubera ubukonje bwimyambarire hamwe nubukomezi butukura, nkicyuma rusange cy’Ubuyapani cyihuta cyane SKH51 (W6Mo5Cr4V2). Kugirango uhuze nibisabwa mubibumbano, ubukana bukunze kunozwa mugabanya ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya, kuzimya ubukana cyangwa kugabanya ibyuka bya karubone mubyuma byihuta. Ibyuma bya Matrix byakozwe kuva mubyuma byihuta, kandi ibigize imiti bihwanye na matrix igizwe nicyuma cyihuta nyuma yo kuzimya. Kubwibyo, umubare wa karibide isigaye nyuma yo kuzimya ni nto kandi iringaniye, ibyo bikaba bitezimbere cyane ubukana bwibyuma ugereranije nicyuma cyihuta. Amerika n'Ubuyapani bize ibyuma fatizo bifite amanota VascoMA, VascoMatrix1 na MOD2 mu ntangiriro ya za 1970. Vuba aha, DRM1, DRM2, DRM3, nibindi byateguwe. Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mubikorwa bikonje bisaba gukomera no kurushaho kurwanya ubushyuhe. Ubushinwa nabwo bwateje imbere ibyuma bimwe na bimwe, nka 65Nb (65Cr4W3Mo2VNb), 65W8Cr4VTi, 65Cr5Mo3W2VSiTi hamwe n’ibyuma. Ubu bwoko bwibyuma bufite imbaraga nubukomezi kandi bikoreshwa cyane mugukuramo ubukonje, isahani yuzuye umubyimba ukonje, uruziga ruzunguruka, impression irapfa, umutwe ukonje urapfa, nibindi, kandi birashobora gukoreshwa nkuko gususurutsa bipfa.

Ifu ya metallurgie yububiko

Ubwoko bwa LEDB bwo mu bwoko bwa all-alloy akazi bukonje bupfa ibyuma bikozwe nuburyo busanzwe, cyane cyane ibikoresho binini-binini, bifite karbide eutectic karbide no gukwirakwiza kutaringaniye, bigabanya cyane ubukana, gusya hamwe na isotropy yicyuma. Mu myaka yashize, amasosiyete akomeye y’ibyuma by’amahanga adasanzwe akora ibikoresho kandi apfa ibyuma byibanze ku guteza imbere urukurikirane rwa poweri metallurgie yihuta cyane n’ibyuma bipfa gupfa, ibyo bikaba byaratumye iterambere ryihuta ryubwoko nkubu. Ukoresheje ifu ya metallurgie yifu, ifu yicyuma ya atomize ikonjesha vuba na karbide zakozwe nibyiza kandi birasa, bitezimbere cyane gukomera, gusya hamwe na isotropy yibikoresho. Bitewe nubu buryo budasanzwe bwo gukora, karbide ni nziza kandi imwe, kandi imikorere nogukora urusyo biratera imbere, bigatuma ibyuka bya karubone na vanadium byiyongera mubyuma, bityo bigateza imbere ubwoko bwibyuma bishya. Kurugero, urukurikirane rwa DEX rwu Buyapani rwa DEX (DEX40, DEX60, DEX80, nibindi), urukurikirane rwa HAP ya Hitachi Metal, urukurikirane rwa FAX rwa Fujikoshi, urukurikirane rwa VANADIS rwa UDDEHOLM, ASP ya Erasteel yo mubufaransa, hamwe nibikoresho byifu bya firime ya US CRUCIBLE hamwe nibyuma bipfa gutera imbere. . Gukora urukurikirane rwibyuma byuma byuma nka CPMlV, CPM3V, CPMlOV, CPM15V, nibindi, imyambarire yabo yo kwambara no gukomera byateye imbere cyane ugereranije nibikoresho nibikoresho bipfa gukorwa nibikorwa bisanzwe.