Ibyuma bikonje bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusiga, gusiba, gukora, kunama, gusohora ibintu bikonje, gukurura ibintu bikonje, gushushanya ibintu bikonje, ifu y'icyuma, nibindi. Bisaba ubukana bwinshi, kudashira no gukomera bihagije. Muri rusange bigabanyijemo ibyiciro bibiri: ubwoko rusange n'ubwoko bwihariye. Urugero, icyuma gikonje gikoreshwa muri rusange muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika gikunze kuba gifite ibyiciro bine by'icyuma: 01, A2, D2, na D3. Igereranya ry'ibyiciro by'icyuma gikonje gikoreshwa muri rusange mu bihugu bitandukanye rigaragazwa mu mbonerahamwe ya 4. Dukurikije ibipimo ngenderwaho bya JIS by'Abayapani, ubwoko bw'ingenzi bw'icyuma gikonje gikoreshwa muri rusange bushobora gukoreshwa ni SK series, harimo SK series carbon tool steel, 8 SKD series alloy tools, na 9 SKHMO series high-speed steel, ku byiciro 24 by'icyuma. Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya GB/T1299-2000 by'icyuma gikonje mu Bushinwa birimo ubwoko 11 bw'icyuma, bigakora urukurikirane rwuzuye. Bitewe n'impinduka mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya, ibikoresho bitunganywa n'ubusabe bw'ibibumbano, urukurikirane rw'ibanze rw'umwimerere ntirushobora guhaza ibyo rukeneye. Inganda z'ibyuma zo mu Buyapani n'inganda zikomeye zo mu Burayi zikora ibikoresho n'ibyuma byakozwe mu buryo bwihariye, kandi buhoro buhoro zikora uruhererekane rw'ibyuma byakozwe mu buryo bukonje, iterambere ry'ibi byuma byakozwe mu buryo bukonje ni naryo cyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'ibyuma byakozwe mu buryo bukonje.
Icyuma gikonjesha gikonjesha gitanga umwuka muke
Hamwe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya ubushyuhe, cyane cyane ikoreshwa ryagutse ry’ikoranabuhanga ryo kuzimya ifu mu nganda zikora ibumba, kugira ngo bigabanye impinduka mu kuzimya, hari ibyuma bimwe na bimwe bidafite umwuka mwinshi byakozwe mu gihugu no mu mahanga. Ubu bwoko bw’icyuma busaba gukomera neza no kuvura ubushyuhe. Bufite impinduka nto, imbaraga n’ubukonje, kandi bufite ubushobozi bwo kudashira. Nubwo icyuma gisanzwe gikonjesha cyane (nka D2, A2) gifite ubushobozi bwo gukomera neza, gifite ingano nyinshi kandi gihenze. Kubwibyo, hari ibyuma bimwe na bimwe bidafite umwuka mwinshi byakozwe mu gihugu no mu mahanga. Ubu bwoko bw’icyuma muri rusange bugizwe n’ibintu bya Cr na Mn kugira ngo byongere ubushobozi bwo gukomera. Ibikubiye mu bikoresho bya alloy muri rusange ni <5%. Bikwiriye gukorwa mu bice bito bifite ingano nto. Ibikoresho bigoye. Ibyuma byihariye birimo A6 yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ACD37 yo muri Hitachi Metals, G04 yo muri Daido Special Steel, AKS3 yo muri Aichi Steel, nibindi. Ibyuma byo mu Bushinwa bya GD, nyuma yo kuzimya kuri 900°C no gushyushya kuri 200°C, bishobora kugumana ingano runaka ya austenite igumanye kandi bifite imbaraga nziza, gukomera no kudahindagurika mu ngano. Bishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora ibyuma bikonje bishobora gucika no kuvunika. Bimara igihe kinini.
Ibyuma by'ibumba byazimye umuriro
Kugira ngo hagabanywe igihe cyo gukora ibumba, koroshya uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe, kuzigama ingufu no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gukora ibumba. Ubuyapani bwakoze ibyuma byihariye bikonjesha byo kuzimya umuriro. Ibisanzwe birimo Aichi Steel's SX105V (7CrSiMnMoV), SX4 (Cr8), Hitachi Metal's HMD5, HMD1, Datong Special Steel Company's G05 steel, nibindi. Ubushinwa bwakoze 7Cr7SiMnMoV. Ubu bwoko bw'icyuma bushobora gukoreshwa mu gushyushya icyuma cyangwa ibindi bice by'ibumba hakoreshejwe imbunda ya oxyacetylene spray cyangwa ibindi bishyushya nyuma yuko ibumba ritunganyijwe hanyuma rikonjeshwa n'umwuka. Muri rusange, rishobora gukoreshwa ako kanya nyuma yo kuzimya. Kubera uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora, rikoreshwa cyane mu Buyapani. Ubwoko bw'icyuma buhagarariye ubu bwoko bw'icyuma ni 7CrSiMnMoV, bufite ubushobozi bwo gukomera neza. Iyo icyuma cya φ80mm kizimye amavuta, ubukana buri kure ya 30mm uvuye hejuru bushobora kugera kuri 60HRC. Itandukaniro mu bukomere hagati y’imbere n’ubuso ni 3HRC. Iyo umuriro uzimye, Nyuma yo gushyushya kuri 180 ~ 200°C no gushyushya kuri 900-1000°C kugira ngo uzimye ukoresheje imbunda itera umwambi, ubukomere bushobora kugera kuri 60HRC kandi urwego rukomeye rurenze 1.5mm ruraboneka.
Ubukonje bwinshi, icyuma gikonjesha kidapfa kwangirika cyane
Kugira ngo hongerwe ubukomere bw'icyuma gikonje kandi kigabanye ubudahangarwa bw'icyuma, amwe mu masosiyete akomeye yo mu mahanga akora ibyuma bikonje yagiye akora urukurikirane rw'ibyuma bikonje bifite ubukomere bwinshi kandi bikanarwanya ubudahangarwa bwinshi. Ubu bwoko bw'icyuma muri rusange burimo hafi 1% ya karuboni na 8% ya Cr. Hamwe n'ibindi bintu bivangavanze, karubide zacyo zirangana, zirakwirakwira neza, kandi ubukomere bwazo buri hejuru cyane ugereranije n'ubw'icyuma cyo mu bwoko bwa Cr12, mu gihe ubudahangarwa bwazo busa. Ubukomere bwazo, imbaraga zo kuzunguruka, imbaraga zo kunanirwa no gucika intege ni bwinshi, kandi ubudahangarwa bwazo bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe nabwo buri hejuru ugereranije n'icyuma cyo mu bwoko bwa Crl2. Bikwiriye gukubita cyane no gukubita cyane. Ubwoko bw'icyuma buhagarariye ubu bwoko bw'icyuma ni DC53 yo mu Buyapani ifite ubunini bwa V buke na CRU-WEAR ifite ubunini bwa V buke. DC53 irazima kuri 1020-1040°C kandi ubukomere bushobora kugera kuri 62-63HRC nyuma yo gukonjesha umwuka. Ishobora gushyuha ku bushyuhe buri hasi (180 ~ 200℃) no gushyuha ku bushyuhe bwinshi (500 ~ 550℃), gukomera kwayo gushobora kuba hejuru inshuro imwe kurusha D2, kandi imikorere yayo yo kunanirwa ikaba hejuru ya 20% kurusha D2; nyuma yo gucura no kuzunguruka kwa CRU-WEAR, irapfundikirwa kandi igashyirwa ku bushyuhe bwa 850-870℃. Munsi ya 30℃ / isaha, ikonjeshwa kugeza kuri 650℃ hanyuma ikarekurwa, gukomera gushobora kugera kuri 225-255HB, ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya bushobora gutoranywa hagati ya 1020 ~ 1120℃, gukomera gushobora kugera kuri 63HRC, gushyuha kuri 480 ~ 570℃ hakurikijwe imiterere y'ikoreshwa, hamwe n'uburyo bwa kabiri bugaragara. Ingaruka zo gukomera, kudashira no gukomera ni byiza kuruta D2.
Icyuma cy'ibanze (icyuma cyihuta cyane)
Ibyuma bikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi byakoreshejwe cyane mu mahanga mu gukora ibyuma bikonje kandi bimara igihe kirekire bitewe n’uko birwanya kwangirika no gukomera gutukura, nk’icyuma gisanzwe cyo mu Buyapani cyihuta cyane SKH51 (W6Mo5Cr4V2). Kugira ngo bihuze n’ibisabwa n’ibyuma, gukomera bikunze kongerwa binyuze mu kugabanya ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya, kuzimya ubukana cyangwa kugabanya karuboni mu byuma bikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi. Ibyuma bikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi byakozwe mu byuma bikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi, kandi imiterere yabyo ya shimi ingana n’imiterere y’icyuma gikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi nyuma yo kuzimya. Kubwibyo, umubare wa karubide zisigaye nyuma yo kuzimya ni muto kandi zikwirakwira neza, ibyo bikaba byongera cyane gukomera kw’icyuma ugereranije n’icyuma gikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi. Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’Ubuyapani byize ku byuma by’ibanze bifite amanota ya VascoMA, VascoMatrix1 na MOD2 mu ntangiriro ya za 1970. Vuba aha, DRM1, DRM2, DRM3, nibindi byakozwe. Muri rusange bikoreshwa ku byuma bikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi bisaba gukomera cyane no kudahungabana neza. Ubushinwa kandi bwakoze ibyuma bimwe na bimwe by’ibanze, nka 65Nb (65Cr4W3Mo2VNb), 65W8Cr4VTi, 65Cr5Mo3W2VSiTi n’ibindi byuma. Ubu bwoko bw’icyuma bufite imbaraga n’ubukomere kandi bukoreshwa cyane mu gusohora ibintu bikonje, gukubita ibintu bikonje cyane, gupfunyika ibintu bikonjesha, gupfunyika ibintu bizinze, gupfunyika ibintu bikonjesha, nibindi, kandi bushobora gukoreshwa nk’udupfunyika dushyushye two gusohora ibintu.
Ifu y'icyuma gikoze mu byuma
Ibyuma bikonje byo mu bwoko bwa LEDB bikozwe mu buryo busanzwe, cyane cyane ibikoresho binini, bifite karubide zikomeye kandi bikwirakwira mu buryo butangana, ibyo bigabanya cyane ubukomere, gusya no gusya neza kw'icyuma. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, amasosiyete akomeye y'abanyamahanga akora ibikoresho n'ibyuma byihariye by'icyuma yibanda ku gukora urukurikirane rw'ibyuma bikozwe mu byuma byihuta cyane n'ibyuma bikozwe mu byuma, byatumye ubwo bwoko bw'icyuma butera imbere vuba. Hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukora ifu, ifu y'icyuma irakonja vuba kandi karubide zakozwe ziba nziza kandi zihuye, ibyo bikaba binoza cyane ubukomere, gusya no gusya neza kw'ibikoresho by'ibumba. Kubera ubu buryo bwihariye bwo gukora, karubide ziba nziza kandi zihuye, kandi ubushobozi bwo gukora no gusya burarushaho kwiyongera, bigatuma karuboni nyinshi na vanadium byongerwa mu byuma, bityo hagakorwa ubwoko bushya bw'ibyuma. Urugero, Datong's DEX series yo mu Buyapani (DEX40, DEX60, DEX80, nibindi), Hitachi Metal's HAP series, Fujikoshi's FAX series, UDDEHOLM's VANADIS series, Erasteel's ASP series yo mu Bufaransa, hamwe n'igikoresho cy'icyuma cy'ifu n'icyuma cy'icyuma cy'Abanyamerika CRUCIBLE birimo gutera imbere vuba. Bikozwe urukurikirane rw'ibyuma by'icyuma by'ifu nka CPMlV, CPM3V, CPMlOV, CPM15V, nibindi, ubushobozi bwabyo bwo kwangirika no gukomera birarushaho kwiyongera ugereranije n'ibikoresho n'ibyuma by'icyuma bikozwe mu buryo busanzwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mata-02-2024
