Mu bijyanye no gushushanya inyubako no gukora inganda, imigozi y'amabara ya aluminiyumu irimo kuba ubundi buryo bwiza bwo kuyisimbura ibikoresho gakondo bitewe n'imikorere yayo myiza n'imiterere yayo itandukanye. Ubu bwoko bw'imigozi, bushingiye ku ruganda rwa aluminiyumu kandi bugaterwa irangi ry'ubuso n'ibara, bugumana ibyiza bya aluminiyumu.—yoroheje kandi irinda ingese—mu gihe kandi ihabwa ubwiza n'imikorere myiza binyuze mu gutunganya, bigatuma ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zitandukanye.
Ibikoresho by'ibanze ku migozi ya aluminiyumu ifite amabara menshi ni aloyi za aluminiyumu zifite urukurikirane rumwe, urukurikirane rwa gatatu, n'urukurikirane rwa gatanu. Itandukaniro mu miterere y'urukurikirane rw'ibikoresho by'ibanze bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku bintu bireba:
Aluminiyumu y’uruhererekane rumwe (ikunze kuba 1060): Uburyo bworoshye bwo kuyikora, igiciro kiri hasi, ariko ibikoresho byoroshye, bikwiranye n’ibintu bisanzwe bifite ingufu nke (nk’ubushyuhe bw’imiyoboro, ibyapa byamamaza), bitanga uburyo bwo kugabanya ikiguzi.
Aloyi za aluminiyumu-manganese zo mu byiciro 3 (ubusanzwe 3003/3004): 3003 irimo 1.0-1.5% bya manganese, itanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese. Ubukana bwayo n'imbaraga zayo zo gukurura biruta aloyi za 1, bigatuma iba ibikoresho by'ibanze bikoreshwa cyane. 3004 irimo 0.8-1.3% bya manganese (izwi kandi nka aloyi ya aluminiyumu-manganese), bigatuma igira imbaraga nyinshi kandi ikwiriye kubaka ibisenge bifite imbaraga nyinshi. Igiciro cyayo kiri hejuru gato ya 3003.
Aloyi za aluminiyumu-magnesium z'uruhererekane 5 (zikunze kuba 5052): Zirimo manyeziyumu 3-5%, izi aloyi zifite ubucucike buke, imbaraga nyinshi zo gukurura, kandi zoroshye. Zirahenze cyane kandi rimwe na rimwe zikoreshwa mu gukora aluminiyumu ifite amabara menshi, mbere yakoreshwaga cyane cyane mu bijyanye n'indege.
Gusiga ni "umwuka w'ingenzi" w'imigozi ya aluminiyumu ipfundikiye amabara. Imiterere n'imikorere itandukanye yo gusiga bigena ingaruka z'amabara y'ibicuruzwa, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ikirere, n'imikorere yabyo. Muri iki gihe, inzira nyamukuru yo gusiga ni "gusiga ibiri n'udupira tubiri," hamwe n'ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bikoresha "udupira tutatu n'udupira tutatu." Imiterere yihariye igizwe n'ibice bitatu uhereye imbere ugana inyuma: Icyiciro cyo mbere yo gutunganya: "Uruzitiro rurinda munsi." Agace k'umubyimba ka oxide, gafite ubugari bwa 5-10 nm, gakorerwa ku buso bwa aluminium binyuze mu gufunga cyangwa kudakoresha chromium. Ibi byongera uburyo substrate n'udupira bipfundikira, birinda gushonga, kandi bikongera ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese muri rusange, bigashyiraho urufatiro rw'udupira dukurikiraho.
Icyuma cya primer: “Igihuza cy’imbere n’icy’uburinzi.” Epoxy cyangwa polyester resin ikoreshwa nk’icuma cya primer, hafi 5-10μUbugari bwa m. Inshingano yayo nyamukuru ni ukongera uburyo bwo gufatana no kubuza ubushuhe bwo hanze na ogisijeni kugera ku gice cy'ubutaka, bikongera ubudahangarwa bw'ingese. Ibara rya primer rishobora guhindurwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa kugira ngo habeho ibara rimwe kandi ryiza rya nyuma.
Urupapuro rw'ikoti: “Urupapuro rw'ikoti rw'ingenzi kandi rufite imikorere myiza.” Ubwoko butandukanye bw'urupapuro rw'ikoti butoranywa hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu ikoreshwa, hagati y'imyaka 15 na 25μUbunini bwa m. Ubwoko busanzwe bw'ikoti ririmo: Irangi rya Fluorocarbon (PVDF): “Umwami wo Kuramba hanze.” Yakozwe muri polyvinylidene fluoride resin, ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya imirasire ya UV no kurwanya gusaza. Mu bushyuhe buri hagati ya -40℃kugeza kuri 150℃, ibara rirwanya gushwanyagurika kandi irangi ntirikunze kwangirika. Rifite kandi ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kwisukura; amazi y'imvura ashobora gukuraho umukungugu wo hejuru byoroshye, bigatuma akoreshwa mu bikorwa by'igihe kirekire nko mu nyubako zo hanze no mu nkuta z'amarido yo hanze. Igihe cyo gusiga gishobora kugera ku myaka irenga 20.
Irangi rya polyester (PE): “Amahitamo meza kandi ahendutse.” Ikiguzi cyaryo kiri hasi ya 40%-50% ugereranyije n’irangi rya fluorocarbon. Nubwo imikorere yaryo yo kurwanya gusaza idakwirakwira nk’iya fluorocarbon, riracyashobora kwemeza ko rishobora kumara imyaka 10-15 mu turere tudakunze kurangwa n’ikirere gishyushye (nk’Ubushinwa bwo Hagati n’Uburengerazuba). Rinatanga amabara menshi atandukanye, harimo akozwe mu buryo bwihariye, akozwe mu byuma birebire cyane, akoreshwa mu nganda, mu bisenge by’ibikoresho, no mu gisenge cy’imbere.
Irangi rya polyester ryahinduwe na silikoni (SMP): "Uburyo bwiza bwo gukora neza." Ukoresheje uburyo irangi rya polyester rihendutse kandi ridashobora guhangana n'ikirere nk'irangi rya fluorocarbon, ritanga ubudahangarwa bwiza bwa UV ugereranije n'irangi risanzwe rya polyester, rimara imyaka 12-18, kandi rihendutse ugereranyije n'irangi rya fluorocarbon. Ibi bituma rikoreshwa mu mishinga ifite ibisabwa bimwe na bimwe byo kudahangana n'ikirere ariko ikaba ifite ingengo y'imari nke, nko mu mpande z'amazu y'ubucuruzi n'aho lisansi iherereye.
Hamwe n’iterambere rihoraho mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ibikoresho, imigozi ya aluminiyumu ipfundikiye ibara izatera imbere ikarushaho kuba myiza ku bidukikije, imikorere myiza, no kwiha agaciro kurushaho. Ku ruhande rumwe, imigozi ipfundikira idafite chromium n’irangi rishingiye ku mazi izasimbura buhoro buhoro imigozi gakondo, bigabanye ingaruka ku bidukikije. Ku rundi ruhande, imigozi ya aluminiyumu ipfundikiye ibara ifite imikorere yihariye, nko gukingira bagiteri, gukumira umuriro, no kwivura ubwayo, izakomeza kugaragara, ihaza ibyifuzo by’ibintu byihariye. Muri icyo gihe, serivisi zo guhindura ibintu ku giti cyazo zizaba nyinshi, zemerera amabara n’imiterere yihariye hashingiwe ku byo umukoresha akeneye, birusheho kwagura uburyo bwo gukoresha imigozi ya aluminiyumu ipfundikiye ibara.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-29-2026
